Gitea
From charlesreid1
Contents
What is it?
Gitea is a self-hosted github-like web service, written in Go.
(insert screenshot here)
Main link: https://try.gitea.io/
Github project: https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea
Installing
To install it, you can build it using go, or you can use the binary.
Using Binary
I kept the gitea directory organized by putting the binary in its own folder, then separating out the certificates (for https/ssl), data (gitea's sqlite database), repositories (data for git repositories), and log (logging for gitea).
/path/to/www/gitea/ +--------- bin/ +--------- certs/ +--------- data/ +--------- repositories/ +--------- log/
To install it, you just navigate to the binary and run
$ ./gitea web
This runs a setup page on port 3000. Alternatively, you can use the admin command line interface to set things up securely, without exposing the (sensitive) setup page to anyone.
That's about it.
From Source
Before you do anything else, make sure your GOPATH is set:
export GOPATH="${HOME}/gocode"
To install gitea from source, first download the source into your go path:
go get -d -u code.gitea.io/gitea cd $GOPATH/src/code.gitea.io/gitea
Now check out the release that you want:
git checkout release/v1.2
and then build it using make:
TAGS="bindata sqlite" make generate build
If building v1.2 or later, you'll need Go version 1.7 or later. See Goenv for a way to install particular go versions.
Successful Build
Build it using make generate:
$ TAGS="bindata sqlite" make generate go generate code.gitea.io/gitea code.gitea.io/gitea/cmd code.gitea.io/gitea/integrations/internal/utils code.gitea.io/gitea/models code.gitea.io/gitea/models/migrations code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/auth code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/auth/ldap code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/auth/oauth2 code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/auth/pam code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/avatar code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/base code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/context code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/cron code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/highlight code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/httplib code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/indexer code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/lfs code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/mailer code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/markdown code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/minwinsvc code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/notification code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/options code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/process code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/public code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/ssh code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/sync code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/templates code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/user code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util code.gitea.io/gitea/routers code.gitea.io/gitea/routers/admin code.gitea.io/gitea/routers/api/v1 code.gitea.io/gitea/routers/api/v1/admin code.gitea.io/gitea/routers/api/v1/convert code.gitea.io/gitea/routers/api/v1/misc code.gitea.io/gitea/routers/api/v1/org code.gitea.io/gitea/routers/api/v1/repo code.gitea.io/gitea/routers/api/v1/user code.gitea.io/gitea/routers/api/v1/utils code.gitea.io/gitea/routers/dev code.gitea.io/gitea/routers/org code.gitea.io/gitea/routers/repo code.gitea.io/gitea/routers/user bindata.go bindata.go bindata.go
Then make build:
$ TAGS="bindata" make build go build -i -v -tags 'bindata' -ldflags '-s -w -X "main.Version=1.1.3" -X "main.Tags=bindata"' -o gitea code.gitea.io/gitea/vendor/github.com/mcuadros/go-version code.gitea.io/gitea/vendor/github.com/Unknwon/com code.gitea.io/gitea/vendor/github.com/go-xorm/core code.gitea.io/gitea/vendor/code.gitea.io/git code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/minwinsvc code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/user code.gitea.io/gitea/vendor/github.com/bradfitz/gomemcache/memcache code.gitea.io/gitea/vendor/github.com/go-macaron/inject code.gitea.io/gitea/vendor/gopkg.in/ini.v1 code.gitea.io/gitea/vendor/gopkg.in/bufio.v1 code.gitea.io/gitea/vendor/gopkg.in/redis.v2 code.gitea.io/gitea/vendor/gopkg.in/macaron.v1 code.gitea.io/gitea/vendor/github.com/go-macaron/cache code.gitea.io/gitea/vendor/github.com/go-macaron/cache/memcache code.gitea.io/gitea/vendor/github.com/go-macaron/session code.gitea.io/gitea/vendor/github.com/go-macaron/cache/redis 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Post Install Procedure
Once this is complete, you will hae a standalone binary "gitea" that can be copied into your binary directory of choice for gitea.
Change the owner to git:
sudo chown git:staff gitea
Stop any gitea processes that are running:
killall gitea
Now install gitea:
sudo cp gitea /www/gitea/bin/gitea
If you run gitea, you will need to run it as user git. This will ask you for the sudo password.
#!/bin/bash
export GTD="/www/gitea/bin"
# Run a gitea web server
cd ${GTD}
/usr/bin/screen -d -m -S gitea \
sudo -H -u git ${GTD}/gitea web
Links:
- Customize gitea: https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/customizing-gitea/
- configure gitea: https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/config-cheat-sheet/
Errors With Build
If you see the error below, the problem is your version of Git:
$ TAGS="bindata sqlite" make build go build -i -v -tags 'bindata sqlite' -ldflags '-s -w -X "main.Version=1.2.3+1-g6629ecf" -X "main.Tags=bindata sqlite"' -o gitea vendor/code.gitea.io/git/command.go:9:2: cannot find package "context" in any of: /home/charles/gocode/src/code.gitea.io/gitea/vendor/context (vendor tree) /usr/lib/go-1.6/src/context (from $GOROOT) /home/charles/gocode/src/context (from $GOPATH) Makefile:205: recipe for target 'gitea' failed make: *** [gitea] Error 1
See Goenv for setting up a way of controlling your Go version, and use a veriosn of Go > 1.7.
Gitea with HTTPS
You can run gitea over HTTPS. The gitea binary can generate self-signed certificates, or you can use an existing HTTPS certificate.
Using existing HTTPS certificate
I needed to have gitea over HTTPS using an existing certificate. I already had an HTTPS certificate, in the form of a private .key and a public .cert, but it was set up to be restricted to root only, and nginx and Apache are perfectly okay running as www-data and not being able to read the private key file (which is only readable by root). We're fine there.
But when I pointed to these files with soft links,
$ ln -fs /sslkeys/key.pem /www/gitea/cert/key.pem $ ln -fs /sslkeys/cert.pem /www/gitea/cert/key.pem
I was having some problems getting gitea to run. Gitea was raising a permissions error:
$ ./gitea web 2017/03/21 15:21:12 [T] Custom path: /www/gitea/bin/custom 2017/03/21 15:21:12 [T] Log path: /www/gitea/log 2017/03/21 15:21:12 [I] Gitea v1.0.1 2017/03/21 15:21:12 [I] Log Mode: File(Info) 2017/03/21 15:21:12 [I] Cache Service Enabled 2017/03/21 15:21:12 [I] Session Service Enabled 2017/03/21 15:21:12 [I] Git Version: 2.5.0 2017/03/21 15:21:12 [I] SQLite3 Supported 2017/03/21 15:21:12 [I] Run Mode: Production 2017/03/21 15:21:12 [I] Listen: https://0.0.0.0:3000 2017/03/21 15:21:12 [....io/gitea/cmd/web.go:632 runWeb()] [E] Fail to start server: open /www/gitea/certs/key.pem: permission denied
The solution was, the user that runs the Gitea web command also has to be able to read the private key file. Can just make the /sslkeys folder and contents group-readable to a new group ssl-group, and add any users that need access to the keys. Then add a git or gitea user, and run everything as the git user.
Add SSL group:
groupadd ssl-certs
Make a git user to run gitea:
useradd git
Add git user to ssl-certs group:
usermod -G ssl-certs git
Change permissions of SSL certs to be group-readable:
chgrp ssl-certs /sslcerts/{cert,key}.pem
chmod g+r /sslcerts/{cert,key}.pem
Now the keys are group-readable, and git is added to the group who can read SSL keys.
One more hurdle: we have to run gitea as the git user we just created. But we'll cover that below.
Using Self-Signed Cert
Using a self-signed HTTPS certificate is basically the equivalent to saying "Trust me!" at the end of every sentence. Any decent web browser raising an annoying warning or not loading the page at all. To use gitea to do it:
$ ./gitea cert --host mysite.com
This will create a key and certificate in the same directory, with pretty loose permissions.
Users and Permissions
Here's how I organized and arranged my gitea installation:
- set the git user as the user gitea runs as in the gitea config file
- the git user was running the gitea binary
- the git user was part of the ssl-certs group, which could read both public and private SSL keys
- the public and private keys were made group-readable and owned by the ssl-certs group
- to run gitea, I start up Screen and run the command
sudo su gitto get a shell as the user git. I then start up the gitea binary.
NOTE: You may need to set the home directory for the git user when running the sudo command, like this: $ sudo -H -u git /www/gitea/bin/gitea web. Otherwise, gitea may complain about not being able to access or modify the git configuration files in the home directory of the non-git user (you).
Here's what that requires:
Change the RUN_USER variable in the gitea config file, in custom/conf/app.ini:
RUN_USER = git
And then some commands to do user stuff and prepare to run the web server as git user:
# add group
groupadd ssl-certs
# add user
useradd git
# make user home directory for git user
mkdir /home/git
# add user to group
usermod -a -G ssl-certs git
# make ssl certs ownable
chgrp ssl-certs /sslkeys/{cert,key}.pem
chmod g+r /sslkeys/{cert,key}.pem
Now open up a screen and in the screen execute these commands:
# get a shell as user git sudo su git # run the gitea binary cd /www/gitea/bin ./gitea web
Then detach the screen and voila.
Importing Repositories from Github
If you want to import a repository or move a repository from a different server to your gitea server, here's how you do it.
Summary:
- Get a local copy of the repo onto your server
- Fetch all the tags, commits, remote branches, etc. so you have a local copy
- Add a new remote server, e.g., new-origin
- Push all local branches and tags to the new-origin server
- Remove old origin, rename new-origin to origin
Link: https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2014/05/moving-git-repository-new-server/
Getting local copy of repo locally
You'll be downloading a copy of the entire repository to a local disk. It doesn't need to be the remote server, although that can speed things up a bit.
Fetch all tags, commits, etc
If origin is the remote server you are migrating FROM:
git fetch origin
This will get all the latest branches and tags info, but won't necessarily grab a copy. To force git to grab a copy, do:
git branch -a
Get any branches prefixed with remote/origin/my-branch and check them out:
For example if you had remote/origin/my-branch-1 and remote/origin/my-branch-2:
git checkout -b my-branch-1 origin/my-branch-1 git checkout -b my-branch-2 origin/my-branch-2
Now verify you have local copies of all branches:
git branch -a
Create new repo on Gitea
On Gitea, make your new repository, but don't initialize it with any contents (no .gitignore or README). If you have accidentally added content to the repo already, you can add the force flag when you push commits from the copy you want to preserve to the gitea's git server.
Add new remote target for git repo
Now create your new remote, call it new-origin:
git remote add new-origin user@server:path/to/git/repo
Now we have two remotes. We'll push everything to the brand new remote, then sever any ties we had with the old remote.
Push everything to new server
To push everything to the remote new-origin:
git push --all new-origin git push --tags new-origin
NOTE: If you are using git over HTTPS, use your Gitea login username and password. If you are using git over SSH, you will already have given your public key to Gitea so it will not need to authenticate your machine.
Update remote origin
Now get rid of the old origin and replace it with the new-origin:
git remote rm origin git remote rename new-origin origin
Optional: delete old repo
At this point, you can delete the old remote repository on the old server if you so choose.
Works
Have confirmed this is working. Only trick is using a force flag when you send your commits to the remote server, so you don't get stuck in a conflict.
The short version, for single-branch codes, is this:
Start by creating a project on Gitea that should be completely empty, named whatever you'd like. The repository URL is the Gitea URL referenced in the script below.
$ git checkout <github url> projectname $ cd projectname $ git remote add origin-new <gitea url> $ git push origin-new
It's literally that simple - now the entire contents have been pushed to the git server that Gitea is running, and that means a copy of the entire project's commit history has just been pushed to the Gitea server.
That's the beauty of git - decentralized version control - the history really is public and open, with the integrity of the contents assured by hashes, so the entire history of the repository travels with each user and can be spread to everyone, so that one server going down doesn't spell doom for the entire history of a code project - there are as many copies as there are contributors with a copy checked out.
Accessing the Git Server
Once you get gitea up and running, and try to get a project imported, questions will inevitably start to arise. How does it know to listen for git requests? Do I need to be running a git server? Fortunately gitea takes care of all of that, installing its own git modules and managing the git repository for the git server. (Not that running a git server is that complicated. It's basically like running an SSH server. [1])
Configurations
How gitea manages the git server
Gitea manages the git repo under the hood, to turn things like hooks and the like into actual actions by an actual git repo. This is also how it's handling SSH keys, for example, or differentiating between git requests and http requests. (Same with page content - all handled by the executable, with no intervention or static content or HTML required by the user.) The Go executable wraps all of this into one monolithic executable that's listening on one port.
If you were managing your own server, here's how you'd do it: [2]
Configure gitea for checking out git repos via https and ssh
You can configure gitea with the app.ini file such that your "Check out via HTTPS/SSH" buttons on each repository's page will actually WORK.
First, open the config file in an editor. I made use of the extensive app.ini example in the gitea repo on Github: https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/master/conf/app.ini
Change the following settings in the following sections.
[repository] ; Warning: this gets rid of the HTTPS option to check out repos... ;;;DISABLE_HTTP_GIT = true [server] PROTOCOL = https DOMAIN = mydomain.com CERT_FILE = /sslcerts/cert.pem KEY_FILE = /sslcerts/key.pem SSH_DOMAIN = domain.com HTTP_PORT = 3000 ROOT_URL = https://domain.com:3000 DISABLE_SSH = false
These will set the parameters for Gitea to correctly provide the HTTPS and SSH addresses for you to check out repositories using git.
Final Server Gitea Configuration
Here's an example config file based on one in the gitea repo that pretty closely matches my final configuration:
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; Example Gitea Config File ;; ;; https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/master/conf/app.ini ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; APP_NAME = big ugly git repo (BUGR) RUN_USER = git RUN_MODE = prod [database] DB_TYPE = sqlite3 HOST = NAME = USER = PASSWD = SSL_MODE = disable PATH = /www/gitea/data/gitea.db [repository] ROOT = /www/gitea/repositories PREFERRED_LICENSES = MIT License ; This gets rid of the HTTPS option to check out repos... ;DISABLE_HTTP_GIT = true [server] PROTOCOL = https DOMAIN = yourdomain.com CERT_FILE = /www/gitea/certs/cert.pem KEY_FILE = /www/gitea/certs/key.pem SSH_DOMAIN = git.yourdomain.com HTTP_PORT = 3000 ROOT_URL = https://yourdomain.com:3000 DISABLE_SSH = false SSH_PORT = 22 OFFLINE_MODE = false [mailer] ENABLED = false [picture] DISABLE_GRAVATAR = true ENABLE_FEDERATED_AVATAR = false [session] PROVIDER = file [log] MODE = file LEVEL = Info ROOT_PATH = /www/gitea/log [security] MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH = 6 [other] SHOW_FOOTER_BRANDING = false SHOW_FOOTER_VERSION = false SHOW_FOOTER_TEMPLATE_LOAD_TIME = false
Virtual Network Interface
Note that gitea will create a virtual network interface available via ifconfig:
veth7c3cabc Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 11:22:ff:aa:ee:cc
inet6 addr: fe80::3046:f5ff:fea:f18c/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:648 (648.0 B) TX bytes:648 (648.0 B)
Using the API
See Gitea/API
References
Main site: https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea
Very nice, very detailed sample app.ini config file: https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/master/conf/app.ini
Config cheat sheet: https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/config-cheat-sheet/
Binary installation: https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/install-from-binary/
Can use Docker