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| Majority of notes are from ''James Joyce: The Lost Notebook''. This covers the first of a series of notebooks that Joyce used to keep notes for both ''Ulysses'' and ''Finnegan's Wake''.
| | This page has compiled information on newspapers in ''Ulysses''. |
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| (Work utilized the Critical and Synoptic Edition of ''Ulysses'' (1984), ed. Gabler.)
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| ==Ulysses in Progress==
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| Much critical attention has been brought to focus on the manifest change which affected the nature of Ulysses quite late in the course of its development; a change whereby Joyce phased out the so-called 'initial style' (whose best-known feature is the famous interior monologue of both Stephen and Bloom) and introduced in its stead the exploitation of 'style' itself as an integral part of the narrative strategy: in other words, when the information was carried not in the content alone, but also in the form.
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| ===The Two Transitions===
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| Groden (1977) introduced the idea of a transitional middle period (by chance, coinciding with the "middle period" of the book, [[Ulysses/Wandering Rocks]] through [[Ulysses/Oxen of the Sun]]. These intermediate the extremes of the "initial" and "final" styles.
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| In this sense, ''Ulysses'' becomes a mosaic of the changes it underwent from 1914 to 1922.
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| Groden's idea is to divide Ulysses into three phases:
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| * First: 1914 to end of 1918
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| * Seocnd: 1919 to mid -1920
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| * Third: mid-1920 to 1922
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| There is another, equally turning point in the genesis of ''Ulysses'' - one that is readily discernible in the published text - namely, at some point while writing ''Ulysses'', Joyce was no longer writing ''Ulysses'' to be a sequel to ''A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man''.
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| This was when Joyce introduced a more grounded, more down-to-earth, less intellectual and abstract character - Leopold Bloom. The change was less a stylistic change, and more a worldview change - from intense, serious, anxious, to resigned, comic, affectionate.
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| During the 7 years he was composing Ulysses (1914 to 1922), this change coincided with Joyce being in Zürich in 1917.
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| ===Important Events in the History of Ulysses===
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| 1906:
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| * Joyce, living in Rome, entertains notion of writing a short story to be called "Ulysses"
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| * The story is based on an incident when a putative Dublin Jew (Alfred Hunter) had picked him up inebriated out of a gutter somewhere in the metropolis
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| * in orthodox Samaritan fashion, he had taken Joyce home with him and generally bucked him up with a restorative cup of cocoa or something
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| 1914-1915:
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| * Joyce began writing Ulysses as a "sequel" to ''Portrait''
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| * Tenuous connection to the Odyssey - Stephen acts out an intellectual Telemachus, his mother plays a not very convincing Penelope, Mulligan and Haines the baleful suitors
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| * Martello Tower becomes Ithaca
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| * Joyce was experimenting with a lukewarm correspondence with the Homeric prototype, different from the final shape (which was dominated by it)
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| * Joyce had not decided what to do with the Hunter character, what to make of him
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| * Vague idea to have him rescue Stephen from predations of usurpers, restore him as prince
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| * This concept of ''Ulysses'' as ''Portrait'' sequel was consistent with how Joyce described the work in letters from 1915
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| October 1916:
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| * Joyce had written versions of Telemachus, Nestor, Proteus, Hamlet (Scylla and Charybdis), Eumaeus (brief sketch) - the Stephen-oriented episodes
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| * "As he wrote principally out of his own character and experience, he had, in short, to invent himself anew."
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| * Around this time he had what his physician described as a nervous breakdown
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| * He embarked on a course of research - starting with the Greek language
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| * compiling loose sheets, small notebooks, with lists of words/short sentences
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| * transcribed bits and pieces from newspaper reports, simple business letters, examined aspects of grammar,
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| * (was this how he taught English to students?)
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| * latest entry is dated April 1917
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| * the Greek is modern, but clear that intent was to facilitate study of the Odyssey
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| * transliterate Homeric quotations, ideas about mistranslations
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| April 1917
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| * Anonymous benefactor, paying 50 pounds quarterly, (ended up being Harriet Waver)
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| * impeccable timing - cash in his pocket, assurance of more, freedom transformed him
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| * "Much of what we have come to know and love about ''Ulysses'', we contend, has its source in that happy event."
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| * Joyce's change in circumstances, coupled with realization through his studies that Homeric myths could lbe viewed as concerning real men in real times
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| * Joyce prepared to reconstruct the real Dublin on a real day - Thursday, 16 June 1904
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| * For this purpose, he began to assemble specific material about that day and about the everyday language spoken on the street at that time
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| * In contrast to Stephen, who lives in melancholy limbo, Joyce wanted to create a world for Leopold Bloom to live in
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| ==Fragments for Proteus==
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| {{Quote|
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| It is of interest to record here thatJoyce went to Marsh's Library in Dublin on the 22nd and 23rd October, 1902,shortly before departing for the libraries and the cheaper eating-places of Paris, and that he signed his name in the visitor's book (McCarthy, 1980). The particular scholastic tome which he fingerpondered is still there today; it is part of the Bouhéreau Collection and boasts the sesquipedalian title of ''Vaticinia, sine Prophetiae Abbatis Joachimi & Anselmi Episcopi Marsicani, cum adnotationibus Paschalini Regiselmi, Latine et Italice'', printed in Venice in 1589.
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| | Majority of these notes are based on ''James Joyce: The Lost Notebook''. That book covers the first of a series of notebooks that Joyce used to keep notes while writing ''Ulysses''. |
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| - Danis Rose, John O'Hanlon / July 4, 1989 | | - Danis Rose, John O'Hanlon / July 4, 1989 |
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